Definition of different Water Bodies - Netsol Water Solutions

HUMANKIND has built civilizations around water. From the very beginning, we have subsisted on and resided near water. Let us explore the definition of the various forms of aquatic geology. The precise definitions could be very blurry and confusing, however.

What exactly is a sound, a sike and a ghyll?

What’s the difference between a bight and a bay?

What are the different words for a small stream?

Living on the American seacoast, can make you familiar with shoals and inlets. Living in Norway or Scotland can make you familiar with the definition of the fjords or lochs respectively. Let us explore many different types of bodies of water that define the wetter parts of the world.

To understand the distinction between the most common terms for flowing water (anything with a natural current moving from high to low), it is roughly defined by size.

There is an old saying which goes as,

“one can step over a brook, one can jump over a creek, one can wade across a stream and one can swim across a river.”

A stream is the generic term for flowing water.

A river is the largest form of stream

A creek is a small stream

A brook is an even smaller stream (used in Old English)

A rivulet is a very small stream or baby stream

A rill is a very small brook or rivulet

A beck is another name for small stream

A kill is an old Dutch term in colonial New York for creek or stream

A streamlet is a small stream

A runnel, also called runlet, run, rundle or rindle is a small stream or brook or rivulet

A brooklet is a small brook

a bourn is a small stream, particularly one that flows intermittently or seasonally

A beck is a small river or synonym for stream or brook

A crick is a variation in the pronunciation of creek in parts of the U.S.

A ghyll is a narrow stream or rivulet, or a ravine through which through small stream flows

A syke or sike is another Old English term for small stream, especially one that is dry in summer

A burn is a large stream in Scotland and England

A spring is when water flows up from under the ground to the surface.

A bayou is very slow moving water, referring to a tributary of a lake or river that is sluggish, marshy as well as filled with vegetation.

A tributary is a stream that flows into a larger main stream or river,

A distributary is a stream that branches off from the main river and flows away from it.

A meander is a turn or bend in a winding river.

A freshet is a sudden flow of freshwater from rapid heavy rain or melting snow after a spring thaw. (It can also refer to the place where a river or stream empties into the ocean, merging freshwater with salt water.)

An estuary is where a river empties into the sea—the place where the mouth of the river meets out the ocean tide.

The headwaters is the source, the very beginning of a river or stream.

A gulf is the largest of these broad inlets, and tends to have a narrow mouth opening to the sea.

A bay is smaller than gulf and also largely landlocked but with a wider mouth.

A cove is a small recess or indent in the shoreline that forms a sheltered nook with a narrow entrance to the sea.

A bight is a wide indent of the shore, like a bay but smaller and broader—these bights were historically a perfect safe harbor for pirates.

The ports are defined as any geographical area where ships are loaded and unloaded.

A roadstead (or “roads”) is a sheltered body of water near the shore but slightly outside the enclosed harbor (place where ships anchor while they wait to enter the port).

A lake is the term for a large body of water surrounded by land on all sides.

A pond is just a smaller version, and often formed artificially.

A mere is a shallow but broad sheet of standing water, particularly in Old English dialects or literature.

A puddle is even smaller and shallower, typically consisting of dirty rainwater.

A pool is a deep body of still freshwater.

A tarn is a small pool or lake found in the mountains, sometimes with steep banks formed by a glacier.

An oxbow lake (named for its characteristic U-shaped curve) is formed when a wide bend in a river is eventually cut off from the main stream entirely by erosion and becomes a free-standing pool of water.  

A loch is a lake or inlet of the sea that is nearly landlocked primarily in Scotland.

An inlet is a place where the sea projects inland as an indent in the shoreline like a bay or gulf.

An arm of the sea or sea arm is a place where the sea projects inland like a more narrow water passage opening from the coastline.

A firth is a regional word used in Scotland, is similar in that it’s a narrow inlet of the sea, or a large sea bay, or long arm of the sea.

A fjord is a long, narrow inlet flanked by steep cliffs on three sides and is connected to the sea. It’s formed when a glacier (common along the Norwegian coast) cuts a U-shaped valley below sea level that fills with sea when the glacier retreats.

A sound is an ocean inlet quite larger than a bay and wider than a fjord. It is specifically a part of the ocean between two bodies of land, like a wide inlet which is parallel to the coastline flanked by a nearby island.

A channel is also constrained on two sides by banks, but is specifically a bed of water that joins two larger bodies of water.

A strait is similar to a channel only narrower.

A lagoon is a shallow elongated body of water separated form a larger body of water by a sandbank, coral reef or other barrier,

A barachois is a coastal lagoon separation by the ocean by a sandbar that may periodically get filled with salt water when the tide is high.

A billabong defines where a river changes course and creates an isolated stagnant pool of backwater behind where the former branch dead ends.

A narrows is a narrow water passage where a strait or river passes through a vertical bed of hard rock.

A lee is a natural body of running water flowing under the earth

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Water Sector Opportunities and Challenges in India | Netsolwater Solutions

Water is one of the most crucial resources for the sustenance of mankind, the water industry has garnered success so far. The long term view for the water and wastewater industry is likely to be significantly different from today’s water and wastewater sector. 

There will be lots of challenges that must be addressed and there will also be opportunities galore for the water industry. In the oncoming years, there will be a large scale transformation of the water industry. The industry will undergo deep and profound changes. The factors that will be driving this transformation are as follows:

1. Regulatory requirements – Countries have water regulatory bodies to ensure water conservation and preservation. There is a popular saying in the workplace – ‘’What does not get measured, does not get done’’. Hence it has become crucial for all the countries to track water consumption and usage patterns.

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2. Rapidly changing climate - Climate is undergoing rapid changes due to the greenhouse effect on the planet. Some regions may become warmer and some regions may become colder. This will lead to some regions becoming wetter and some dryer resulting in floods and droughts in different areas.

3. Changing customer patterns – As industries are getting segmented into newer areas, the customer patterns are changing as well leading to a change in the demand patterns. Each industry has its own slated requirements that vary depending on the output produced by the industry as well as its own set of the customer base. Customers are becoming cost-conscious as well as service conscious.

4. Digital technology – The advancement of electronics, computers, and software has created pressure on the business processes as well as industrial processes to adopt and embrace automation to a greater extent. The advent of the Internet of Things has resulted in remote operation of industrial devices as well as the remote measurement of parameters.

On the other hand, companies must be able to deal with the following challenges:

• · population growth
• · a rising risk of floods
• · a rising risk of drought
• · greater emphasis on reducing their carbon footprints
• · the need for innovations to improve efficiency
• · the need for innovations to satisfy more demanding end customers

This results in the need to ponder as to how the water industry will react to the driver’s cum policy levers that will interact with environmental cum technological changes to shape the water sector.

Two organizations, PwC and Yorkshire Water together have developed six scenarios to describe how the water industry might evolve by the year 2040.

Each scenario sets out a pathway in defining a plausible future.

The six scenarios (not necessarily mutually exclusive) can be enumerated as follows:

1. Market forces in action

Policymakers consider the market forces as the first scenario. These forces will be the key to driving efficiency and innovation. The market is dynamically, continuously, and consistently getting re-shaped. This reshaping is accompanied by a core of regulated network monopolies cum licensed/contestable businesses. The value chain in the water industry thus becomes increasingly segmented. This segmentation is due to the increased competition across all parts of the water industry – from raw material manufacturers to finished product manufacturers.

2. Community water

Community water will be the second scenario. Community water companies are emerging due to the disruptive weather and society’s desire for sustainable solutions as a result of go-green initiatives being drawn out by the governments.

 A policy framework is set up to incentivize local ‘last mile’ water management companies as well as wastewater management companies. Moreover, there is the development of a specialist service industry to support these companies.

3. Coordination of the environment

Co-ordination of the environment will be the third scenario. Optimization of water use after drought and floods will need a step-change in the coordination of the environment. Water management will be coordinated by water and wastewater management companies on a catchment basis.

 Moreover, there will be companies that will bid to build and maintain flood defenses based on the direction from a central regulating body. This results in the improvement of water supply resilience and reduction of flooding.

4. Economies of scale

Economies of scale will be the fourth scenario. There will be a requirement of regulatory cum financial reforms due to the creation of affordability issued by a global recession. By the way of economies of scale, investment is secured at an acceptable price. There will be consolidation of large network water, sewerage management, and flood defense services firms.

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Smart City Infrastructure And Solutions - Netsol Water Solutions

Cities are the engines as well as the backbones of growth for the economy of every nation across the world. A large chunk of the world’s current population lives in urban areas and contributes a major share of the World’s GDP. With increasing urbanization, urban areas are expected to house larger % of the world’s population as well as contribute to a larger chunk of the world’s GDP in the next 10 years.

What does this call for?

Such a massive and accelerated process of urbanization requires comprehensive development, sophisticated automation and integrated centralized control of physical, institutional, social as well as economic infrastructures. All these are of paramount importance in improving the quality of life as well as attracting people, entrepreneurs, industries, startups, and investors to the City, setting in motion a virtuous cycle cum path of growth as well as development. Development of Smart Cities is the main step that a nation can take in that direction.

The objective of the Smart Cities Program is as follows:

• to promote cities that provide core infrastructure
• to give a decent life to the residents
• to give a clean and sustainable environment and
• the application of ‘Smart’ Solutions to the City Infrastructure Management.

The focus of a Smart City will be on sustainable as well as inclusive development programs. The core idea is to look at compact areas, create a repeatable as well as a replicable model. This model should then be used to convert other cities into smart cities too. The systems developed herein should be capable of replication both within as well as outside of the Smart City.

The core infrastructure elements in a smart city will consist of the following:

• Adequate Water Supply through recycling of water by the deployment of Water Treatment plants.
• Assured Electricity Supply through Renewable Energy sources such as Solar, Wind and Hydel Power Plants
• Sanitation, including Solid Waste Management through the deployment of Sewage Treatment Plants
• Efficient Urban Mobility and Public Transport in the form High-Speed Rails and Metro connectivity including last-mile para-transport connectivity
• Well maintained intra-city and inter-city roads with centralized Traffic Monitoring and Control
• Affordable housing for the economically underprivileged residents. Expand housing opportunities for all classes of citizens by subsidized Home Financing. Removal of slum areas. This will boost the local economy, promote community interactions and ensure citizen security.
• Robust IT connectivity for the private and public.
• Digital transformation of all Government, Civic, Public interfaces. Good governance in terms of e-Governance and e-citizen participation. Making governance citizen-friendly as well as cost-effective for the citizens. Rely on online services to bring about accountability as well as transparency. Usage of using mobiles to reduce the cost of services and providing remote services without the need to go to municipal offices; form e-groups to listen to people and record feedback. Use online monitoring of programs as well as activities through cyber (video) tour of worksites.
• Sustainable environment in terms of reduced pollution, protection of animals, birds and other organisms of the ecosystem. Preserving and developing open spaces such as parks, playgrounds, as well as recreational spaces. This will enhance the quality of life of citizens, reduce the urban heat effects promote eco-balance.
• Go green initiatives for the Industries in terms of Effluent Treatment Plants and Commercial RO Plants.

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The Scope of Industrial Water Audit - Netsol Water Solutions

Water is a precious natural international resource that has almost a fixed quantum of availability. With continuous growth in the world’s population, per capita availability of utilizable water is decreasing every day. Continuous discharge of industrial effluents into different water bodies is further aggravating the problematic situation of shortage of water of acceptable quality.

 

Rainfall is also highly variable and occurs in specific months in different parts of the world. We need to declare water conservation as an international mission. It is very crucial and important for all countries to collectively address the problem of alarmingly progressive water shortage. This is possible only, by conserving every drop of water and by conducting water audits for all sectors of water usage.

The first step to decreasing water consumption in any industry is the identification of current water usage. The current water usage can be identified by undertaking a water audit. 

Water audit can be defined as a qualitative cum quantitative analysis of water consumption which will help in the identification of reducing, reusing, and recycling water.

Water audit helps to determine the following:

•  the amount of water lost from a distribution system due to leakage
•  the amount of water lost due to theft,
•  the amount of water lost due to unauthorized or illegal withdrawals from the systems
•  the cost of such water losses to the utility.

Elements of water audit include the following

• a record of the quantity of water supplied cum stored by different sources,
• water consumption by users,
• water delivered to unmetered users,
• water loss in the system  
• suggested measures to address water loss
• wastewater generated
• wastewater treated and recycled

Industrial water use audit examines the following major areas:

• water used by the industrial process,
• water used for human consumption,
• water used for personal hygiene & sanitation,
• water used for washing,
• water used for cleaning,
• water used for gardening etc.

Benefits of Water Audit:

• Water audit improves the knowledge cum documentation of the water distribution system, problem, and risk areas. The water audit also helps in tracking the movement of water after it leaves the source point.  
• Leak detection programs help minimize leakages and tackling small issues before they become major ones.      

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The importance of industry in manufacturing and environment sector - Netsol Water Solutions

Human beings transitioned from hunting to farming resulting in the Agrarian revolution. The first industrial revolution (1.0) began in the mid of 18^th century. This was triggered by the invention of steam engine, railroads and mechanical production.

The second industrial revolution begins in the late 19^th century which was triggered by the invention of electricity and the assembly line production in the early 20^th century. The third industrial revolution (3.0) was triggered by the invention of the semiconductors followed by the supercomputers, personal computing and internet by the end of the 20^th century.

We are now living in one of the most exciting times that world has ever seen. The advent of the fourth Industrial Revolution has taken the world by storm. The revolution has spread its tentacles to almost every function and every industry domain. The pace and scope of path-breaking scientific and technological advancements from Large Enterprises, Startups, Research Institutions and Educational Institutions are mind boggling.

Technology is rapidly changing the way humans are behaving, working and engaging in the planet today. The technologies that are driving the Industry Revolution will fundamentally transform the world’s economic, social and community aspects. We are at the beginning of a revolution that is fundamentally changing every aspect of the world through its speed, scope, scale and complexity. We are witnessing a fusion of technologies across the physical, digital and biological worlds.

Governments, businesses, academia and civil societies have to work together in a systematic and well-coordinated way to ensure the best results. With the length and breadth of revolution, there will be profound shifts across all industries.

Digital technologies that have computer hardware, software and networking as their core are becoming more sophisticated as well as integrated. These digital technologies will manifest through the force of full-fledged automation of almost every process.

Industry 4.0 will revolutionize the organization of global value chains. By enabling smart factories, smart cities and smart homes the fourth industrial revolution creates a world in which virtual and physical systems of manufacturing globally cooperate with each other in a flexible way. This enables the complete customization of products to the required needs as well as the creation of new operating business and manufacturing models.

The fourth industrial revolution will go beyond smart and connected machines and systems. The breakthroughs in genetics, nanotechnology, renewable systems, quantum computing is spellbinding. What differentiates the industrial revolution 4.0 fundamentally from the earlier revolutions is the fusion of these advancing technologies and the cross domain interaction across physical, biological and digital worlds.

This revolution has also witnessed the dispersion of emerging technologies and broad based innovation at a much faster pace and a much broader scale when compared to the earlier revolutions.

The extent to which the society embraces technological innovation will be a major determinant of progress arising out of Industrial revolution 4.0. The government and public institutions, as well as the private sector, need to play an important role. But far important is for the citizens to see the long-term benefits of the industrial revolution.

The fourth industrial revolution will be more far powerful, impactful, resourceful, beneficial, disruptive and historically important when compared to the previous three revolutions.

For the potential of the fourth industrial revolution to be effectively and cohesively realized, we need to understand the limitation factors.

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Water saving tips for Domestic Consumers - Netsol Water Solutions

Water saving tips for Domestic Consumers

Here we are summarizing some more additional ways in which we can conserve water :

1. There should be a mechanism or system wherein we can use non-potable water in ponds, waterfalls and fountains.

2. Water that used for cleaning fish tanks are mostly nutrient-rich, This water can be fed to the plants.

3. Young minor children should be encouraged to take bath together which can considerably reduce water consumption on a daily household basis.

4. The plumbing system in the house should facilitate re-routing of the gray water to plant, trees, gardens instead of letting the water run into the sewer-lines.  

5. For the purpose of water efficiency and food safety, do not use running water to thaw frozen food. The same should be defrosted in the refrigerator.

6. Deep Watering of plants but in a less frequent time-period will definitely encourage root growth and drought tolerance among-st the plants.

7. Grouping of plants is essential to segregate plants with similar and differing watering requirements. This will help prevent over-watering some plants and & under-watering other plants.

8. There should be a practice for trickling and cascading fountains. This will lead to less loss of water to evaporation when compared to the practice of those fountains spraying into air.

9. It will be judicious for all car owners to shift towards the usage of a commercial car washing company that has the practice of recycling water. This will help to save water when compared to individual car washes at the home. This will also help to reduce water consumption by opting for car wash once in a fortnight.

10. It is important to consult the plant nursery for information on plant selection methods and placement techniques for optimum outdoor water savings.

11. To prevent leaking or bursting pipes, winterize outside spigots when temperature drops below freezing point.

12. Have a system for redirecting water from  Heating, Ventilation & Air conditioning (HVAC) systems toward water-loving plants. This will help to recycle and save water.

13. Planting should be done with finished compost. This will facilitate in the addition of water-holding and nutrient-rich organic matter to the soil composition.

14. Cooked and Steamed foods like rice etc,. leave behind good quantity of mineral rich water content. This mineral-rich water left behind after cooking or steaming foods can be recycled to make at a scrumptious and nutritious soups.

15. Trimmings/peelings from fruits/vegetables in the kitchen should not be thrown into the garbage. Instead this should be used for garden/yard compost.

16. Every swimming pool needs to be back-flushed regularly from hygiene perspective. Water from this back-flushing of the pool should be used in the garden/landscaping.

17. Depending on the season, leaf litter can vary in a garden. We should allow leaf litter to accumulate on the soil since this will keep the soil cooler and will also facilitate reduction of evaporation.

18. Installation of a rain sensor in the irrigation system will prevent watering the lawn during a storm. We can use a rain gauge for the purpose of tracking rainfall.

19. Watering time should be split into shorter periods. This will permit better absorption If water runs off the sloping lawn easily. To decrease water-wastage due to sloping lawns, apply watering for five minutes and then repeat two-three times.

20. Opt for ground cover as well as shrubs for hard to water areas instead of high maintenance and water hungry grass. Replacement of a flower/shrub should be done with a low water-use plant.

21. While mowing/cutting the lawn, do not cut your lawn very short. Keep the grass blades a bit longer so that they can hold relatively more soil moisture in an effective manner.

22. To avoid wastage of water, small areas should be watered by hand keeping in mind a more targeted-watering approach.

23. Whichever areas require no moisture, we should have the practice of laying bricks or pavers to create walkways and patio.

24. A healthy and drought tolerant landscape can be promoted through the usage of minimum amount of slow release fertilizer

25. School system should have water conservation projects buildt into the syllabus. Local governments should have programs/practices to develop and promote water conservation among adults.

26. Installation of an instant water heater very close to the kitchen sink helps in prevention of running the cold water before the hot water is released.

27. It is important to track leakages in swimming pools and fix the same immediately. This can be achieved by making a mark of the water level of the pool at the skimmer. Thereafter check the level after the elapse of a day or two to see if there is a leakage in the swimming pool

28. Soil moisture depth can be examined by using soil-probe/trowel/shovel.

29. In the process of lawn installation, it is important to select a turf mix /blend that matches the climate conditions as well as other site conditions.

30. We should equip the swimming pools/fountains/ponds with pumps to circulate the water.

31. Government should encourage, support and incentive projects that use reclaimed wastewater for irrigation purposes as well as industrial uses. Waste water treatment plants and Sewage treatment plants can be used for this purpose. In some cases, Commercial RO plants and Effluent treatment plants go a long way in supporting this cause.

32. Set cooling systems and water softeners for a minimum number of refills.

33. Lower branches on trees and shrubs should be retained to keep the soil much cooler.

34. The lawn should go dormant whilst the summer season.

35. Use sprinklers that deliver big drops of water close to the ground. We should catch water in an empty tuna-can which will in turn help us to measure sprinkler-output.

36. We should avoid less consumption of meat, especially beef. This is because a typical hamburger can take hundreds of gallons to produce.

 Think wisely before you twist the faucet at your home/office/plant and consider how you may re-purpose the water you use.

Water conservation is about knowledge, awareness and attitude. This will save the environment. It takes an average of 100s of gallons of water a day to support each human being on this planet earth. But we can make a personal choice to drive that number down and provide a legacy for future generations in the years to come.

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Automation Of Water Treatment Plant - Netsol Water Solutions

The greatest change to the Manufacturing industry is the advent of Industry 4.0. As manufacturing industries venture out in the path of Industry 4.0, Automated Water Treatment plants have become one of the core systems.

Industries will have to take the necessary steps to migrate from the existing conventional techniques  and thereby planning improvements that can be made to automate the water treatment processes. It has become very necessary to consider the automation of water treatment plants.

Why is it necessary? How does Automation help companies in the use of water treatment plants?

Let us navigate through the benefits of Automation of water treatment plants as follows:

1. Automation helps to improve operation conditions
2. Helps to make the process automatic with minimum operational intervention so that the Plant operators can focus on more strategic plant or production related operations.
3. Helps to save time in managing the water treatment system thus increasing the plant efficiency
4. Helps to save manpower in managing multiple water treatment systems simultaneously from  a central control station
5. Helps in maximizing the output of water treatment system
6. Helps in saving energy by optimizing the function of different components
7. Improves and optimizes plant performance by monitoring and controlling various data parameters
8. Helps in Predictive & Preventive Maintenance so as to minimize equipment breakdowns. The system will automatically remind the supervisor on the planned replacement of necessary components /subsystems depending on the number of cycles of operation completion or based on the wear & tear of the components/subsystems. This in turn facilitates reduction of Single Point Of Failure (SPOF) by identifying the component/subsystem that are malfunctioning.
9. Helps in the supervisory function of the plant by collecting, storing process data and providing a holistic view of the entire water treatment plant or combination of multiple plants.
10. Collection of large amounts of process data helps in continuous research and development activities pertaining to the process
11. Helps in automated dissemination of data across the factory stakeholders enabling better understanding of the process and effective collaboration within the team.
12. For remote monitoring of water treatment plants through Industrial IOT which permits connectivity of all subsystems over the Internet.
13. For remote control of distributed water treatment plants over a larger factory area. Also for control of distributed plants over different locations.
14. Helps to reduce the risk associated with human error by checking for the variation in parameters. This in turn helps to thereby provide requisite warnings in case any discrepancies in the system caused a result of the human error.
15. Helps to improve the operational safety of the plant by checking for any threshold crossing of parameters with respect to the safety limits set for the process
16. Helps to understand hydraulic behavior of a system in dynamic mode with real values obtained from the plant
17. To ensure continuous supply of safe and clean water by minimizing the downtimes
18. To attain a high level of standardization and this allows systems to be better maintained and expanded.
19. To carry out cost-effective and high quality of water treatment by continuously and consistently monitoring the quality of water
20. Retrofitting existing control systems of water treatment plants to improve their control
21. Depending on customer manufacturing capacity, water treatment volume and customer readiness, the level of automation can be varied from low level automation to semi-automated and finally to fully-automated operation
22. Increase system availability where plant availability is critical by providing redundancy on field components/actuators in the water treatment plants
23. Create a software-based redundant control system that is customized to meet specific needs of industrial water systems
24. Automations involve flexible programming methods where simulation of the entire solution can be achieved, results are tested before installation, thereby enabling a smooth and successful transition.
25. Helps in plant visualization of the water treatment system in a graphical way
26. Helps in identifying the chokes in different stages of the treatment by continuously monitoring each stage of the process
27. Helps in offline and online analysis of water parameters through the tracking and storing of continuous data streams
28. Helps in reduced time for implementation based on past data analysis. Past data can be used as reference by new employees for understanding the history of the equipment
29. Automations software helps in creating process control function libraries that can be used in different water treatment systems
30. Garner live process data from the different subsystems of the treatment plants, export historical trend charts and set customized alerts for the maintenance team
31. Automation enables the Water Treatment system supplier to provide remote maintenance and support thereby saving on downtimes
32. Automation helps in planning scheduled downtimes for maintenance purposes. This will help to create, manage and track service logs, schedules and other activities for each of the sub-systems of the water treatment system.

33. Energy levels consumed by different subsystems can be monitored centrally depending on the sensors provided.
34. Software helps in tracking all the components of subsystems in terms of age from the date of procurement/commissioning.
35. The software library of the control system can be regularly updated to keep pace with the development and advancement of new technologies in water treatment process.
36. Automation helps in ensuring the Environmental safety, water conservation, energy conservation and other regulatory norms specified and stipulated by the Government bodies

As a classic example of one of the core benefits of Automation, let us consider the motors associated with the pump-set of the water treatment plant. Take the situation when the motor starts getting heated up due to the life of the rotor winding (which is an electrical component) or due to the wear-and-tear of the bearing (which is a mechanical component). Take another situation where the actuator or sensor starts malfunctioning thereby affecting the entire process flow. Both these events can be centrally monitored by the Automation System thereby preventing major breakdown of the water treatment plant thereby disrupting the production of the factory.

Automation helps in making water treatment solutions from conventional to highly technological which are cost-effective, energy-efficient, plant-optimized and environmentally sustainable.

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